Why Do We Relate Fear with Halloween?

By: Cece Marquez

Halloween is the time of year when we embrace all things spooky, creepy, and scary. But why do we enjoy being frightened so much? What is it about fear that makes us feel alive?

History of Halloween
Carving pumpkins, dressing up in spooky costumes, and going trick-or-treating are some of the most commonly celebrated Halloween events. But did you know that Halloween has its roots in the ancient Celtic festival of Samhain? In the 8th century, Pope Gregory III designated November 1st as a day to honor all saints, so people had a special day to light bonfires and wear costumes to scare away lingering pesky ghosts.

Feeling Spooked?
Now, why did we feel fear? The answer to this question is how our brains function or work. When we experience fear, our brain releases a chemical called dopamine. This is why we feel a rush of excitement when we watch a horror movie or walk through a haunted house. When humans think of ghosts, some of us feel fear. So when did the idea of ghosts, and supernatural characters become a big part of Halloween? It all started with a Celtic festival called Samhain.

Festival of Samhain
The festival of Samhain marked the transition to the new year at the end of the harvest and the beginning of the winter. Celtic people believed that during the festival, spirits walked the Earth. Later on, Christian missionaries introduced All Souls Day on November 2, which perpetuated the idea of the living coming into contact with the dead around the same time of year.

How Old is Too Old for Halloween?

By: Avery Hanlon

On October 31st, kids of all ages dress up and disobey everything their parents ever taught them: Don’t go out at night don’t accept candy from strangers. Or do they? A lot of people may ask: How old is too old to collect possibly poisoned candy from people they don’t know? I’m not exactly sure, so I’m going to ask some people.

“High school, because you are ruining it for younger kids. Trick or treating is for small children, You would be stealing all the fun and candy from the kids.” – Isobel Gaedtke, 7th Grade

“I stopped after 6th grade. But I think it is up to the person how long they want to, but maybe by high school they should find something else to do.” – Mr. Carpenter, sixth grade writing teacher

“Probably start of high school to middle of high school.” – Evie Langer seventh grade

So what do you think? Should teenagers not be on the streets at Halloween? Either way, have an amazing halloween and make sure to eat lots of candy.

The Display of Art

By: Wonder Matala

Many paintings have been made and put up in museums for the world to see but some of them are the most famous, recognizable, and notable of the group. Let’s look at some of them.

Famous Paintings
Of course, to no one’s surprise, one of the most famous paintings in the world is the “Mona Lisa”by Leonardo da Vinci. The painting was made in Florence and was based on Lisa Gherardini. The painting was commissioned by Francesco del Giocondo because he wanted a picture of his wife , Lisa, in their home. Allegedly, the painting was worked on for 16 years likely due to hand injuries before Leonardo died in 1519. The Mona Lisa is approximately 860 million dollars. This painting is one of the most well known and one of my personal favorites.
The Mona Lisa was stolen in 1911 by Vincenzo Peruggia. He and two others stowed away in a closet, waited until the museum closed, and stole it. This is when the painting was minor work. He took a train and left before years later, he tried to sell the painting but it backfired because the buyer called the director of a museum and the police arrested him. And while we’re on this topic, you would not believe the amount of times the Mona Lisa has been damaged or almost damaged. Someone has thrown a rock at it, someone tried to spray paint it, someone threw a teacup at it, and the most well known one, someone threw A CAKE at it. They should really put protective glass around it.

Next up is maybe another notable one, “Girl With Pearl Earring” by Johannes Vermeer. The painting was made in 1665. The painting is of a woman looking at the observer with, obviously, a pearl earring on her ear. Johannes was a Dutch Golden Age painter and the painting went by many names over the century but in the 20th century it was decided based on the girl with the earring portrayed there. This might confuse some people but “Girl with Pearl Earring” isn’t actually based on a painting of anyone which confuses a lot of people. This painting was lost for 200 years and found, dusted off, and displayed. Fun fact: It is priceless since the people who had it, would never sell it. I knew this one existed but never really cared but I still thought it was great, just not one of my favorites.

The next painting is another recognizable one, “The Starry Night” by Vincent Van Gogh. Most people have heard of this painting’s name or seen it. The painting was created in June, 1889 and was actually started in the same month. That’s fast. The reason it was painted was because Van Gough was seeking respite from plaguing depression at the Saint-Paul asylum in Saint-Rémy in southern France. It was based on his view from the window in his cell, hence the name. Van Gough actually thought this painting was a failure. “The Starry Night” is worth about $100 million dollars following its $50 million sale in 1990. My personal opinion about this painting is that it’s iconic, unique, and special. Fun fact, this is one of the 2 paintings on this list that was stolen or damaged.

The next painting is another one of my favorites, “The Scream” by Edvard Munch. In 1893. It stemmed from a panic attack that Munch suffered in 1892. Fun fact, even though the painting looks like the person in the painting is screaming, they are not. According to the artist, the person in the painting is hearing someone scream. Another fact, “The Scream” was actually painted on cardboard because Munch was a struggling young artist coming to terms with his mother’s and sister’s death. Did you know, The painting was actually stolen twice in 1994 and 2004? Yeah, the security must have been pretty disappointing to be able to have the painting being stolen twice only 10 years apart. When I think of this picture, I think of the kid from home alone. The face and the hand position just remind me of that pose the kid did. The painting was sold to someone in an auction for about 120 million dollars and the person is unknown.

The last painting I have to show you is- oh. Nevermind. That picture is not good for our eyes. Let me just…..there. The next painting to show is “Whistler’s Mother” by James McNeil Whistler. It was painted in 1871 and the person in the painting is Anna McNeil Whistler who is obviously James’s mother. It was done in traditional oil on canvas form in a frame made by Whistler. People say that James wasn’t gonna paint his mother in the first place but that the model that he was gonna paint didn’t show up so his mother helped him. This painting also goes by “Arrangement in Grey and Black No. 1” but people call it “Whistler’s Mother” because of the long name. There was another one named “Arrangement in Grey and Black No. 2” and the painting was of Thomas Carlyle. He agreed to do it in a similar position after looking at the first one. Many people would think that this painting’s other name is Whistler’s Father but that’s not true because Thomas isn’t James’s father. This painting isn’t as well known as the rest of the paintings here. I didn’t know this painting existed until I looked it up. I think it’s great and all, just not my style.

Things We Did
There are some things that we all did when drawing or painting when we were younger. Let’s look at some of them.

We all did the sun in the corner of the frame. And we did lines like the rays of light coming from it. We all did this at least once in our drawings as a child. It was just an easier way of drawing a sun in our pictures and it looked better because I know for a fact that none of us knew how to create perfect circles. If you say you didn’t do it, you’re lying but you had to have seen someone else do it.

When drawing a house, all we did was squares , a triangle, and sometimes, a rectangle. It would be the base of the house, the roof, and the chimney. This was the basic structure we all did. Even now, some people still do it because there’s no need for a hyper realistic house for a single drawing.

I’m pretty sure we did similar facial features for drawings. For the eyes, we just put a dot. That’s basically all we did before we drew the circle around it first. The mouth was a simply curved line. Basic, again, but effective. Some of us just didn’t draw the nose because it looked bad when we tried. For example, if you drew a nose like a sideways v, it would look kinda weird. I never did the half circle for my nose because I thought it was ugly in all the pictures. I just never got my nose down. Most of us didn’t.

We all traced something. Either on a computer or off a paper. You press the paper against the picture and just trace it. It’s not completely scummy but it’s still bad to do it. It’s worse if you claim it as your own since, come on, it’s not. If I was the artist that was stolen from, I don’t know whether I would be mad or flattered that someone stole my art but I would probably be more mad. All that hard work just for some John Doe to steal it. Moral of the story, don’t do it unless you don’t have malicious intent.

Stick figures are the building blocks of a character. We all did them, we all were them, and we all (maybe) love them. This was the easiest way to do people because it was hard to do human figures and don’t get me started on animals. Simple, but effective is what I think it is. Stick figures are funny too and they never get tiring or old. Overall, I love stick figures.

Conclusion
Overall, art plays a big part of human life and whether we liked it or not, we did some type or form of art. It puts what we feel onto paper or a canvas. It also lets us let out our creativity. It shows others these things or past experiences. Art is important to our lives and this article is supposed to show you that art has more emotion and is deeper than just someone randomly throwing paint onto a canvas. I hope you understand what art truly is now and how it affects us.

Doorways: A Poem

By: Isobel Gaedtke

In and out,
In and out
I wonder what
They think of us

Passing through,
Portal is true
I wonder what
They think of us

Doorways to memories,
Passages to now
Portals to fear,
And laughter somehow

We are never knowing
And they are knowledgeable
Of all the things
That pass through
That are rather unstable

Doorways are passages
To sadness and joy
But they can be just
As simple as
A girl or boy

JMS Strings and Band Perform First Concert of the Year

By: Cindy Choi and Olivia Fischman

The JMS Strings and Concert bands performed on Tuesday, October 9th at the Jefferson Gym. This is the only concert of the school year where both band and strings play together on the same day.

The Strings eighth graders played two Halloween pieces called “This is Halloween” and “In the Hall of the Mountain King”. The concert band (seventh and eighth grade) played 3 pieces: a two-page piece titled “Into the Clouds”, a one page piece named “After the Storm”, and another two-page piece called “Byzantine Dances”

This year, Strings have changed their attire from the traditional white top, black bottom, to all black; Band are keeping the traditional white-and-black attire. The concert was a huge success!

 

Family Conferences: What Do Teachers Think?

By: Grace Keener and Olivia Harbaugh

Ms. Cook: “I am excited to meet all the families for parent-teacher conferences and connect with them. Also, I get to talk about lots of positive stuff and not just make phone calls when students are struggling.”

Ms. Berry: “I feel excited and like I’m ready for them.”

Mr. Schultz: “Excited, the reason why is we get to talk about the great things we did. I love talking about what my students are doing”

Mr. Hunt: “I think conferences are a good chance to connect with families and let them know what’s been happening at school. I’m excited to get to meet some of the parents and family members of students that I haven’t been able to meet yet.”

Ms. Krak: “I feel like they are a good way to connect with parents and purposefully connect. It is also a good chance to reflect for the students and teachers to reflect upon the quarter.”

Ms. E: “They are a good opportunity for parents and teachers to see the room for improvement and work out a way to improve.”

Ms. Wood: “I’m so excited and love meeting the families.”

Mr. Hlinka: “I love them! The one thing I don’t like is when the students don’t show up because we are talking about their grades and what they are doing.”

Mr. Landry: “It’s a good way to keep the parents informed and to update them on their colds progress and is nice to do it face to face.”

Ms. Lopez: “I think it is a super important time to help connect with the parents to make the student more successful at Jefferson.”

Ms. Heltsley: “I enjoy conferences because it allows me to connect with my student’s families and give them extra tools to support their musicians and I generally get to brag about my students.”

What we’ve gathered is that teachers all around the school love parent-teacher conferences and feel they are a good way to connect with families. Another reason is that they can share helpful tools and give advice on what the students need to be successful at Jefferson.

Book Review: “The Sleepover”

By: Sam Miller

Hello there! I will be reviewing The Sleepover (if you couldn’t tell by the title). It is a horror graphic novel that is scary and sad like all horror stories but it also can be funny.

Summary: when Matthew and his family come back from vacation, they find that their nanny Ruby has died. To cheer up Matthew, his friend holds a sleepover at his house but their new nanny isn’t all she seems . . . as you can see, this will make for an interesting read!

Okay, time to discuss the cons about this book. One issue about it is that it isn’t the scariest book ever; while it may terrify some that is a small majority, and horror lovers will not be even remotely terrified. Another issue is that it is not very long; the seasoned reader will chew through it like candy. Now we finally get to our last issue: it’s a graphic novel, and while that is good, some readers seem to despise graphic novels (but that is a small group and most people do not share that hatred for graphic novels).

Who do I recommend this to? Horror fans and graphic novel lovers. To wrap it up this is a great book to read around Halloween and I rate it (drumroll please) 4 stars out of five!

Programming: An Introduction to the Basics

By: Nathaniel Cole

If you want to start programming with any language, you need to know the fundamentals. Programming is about logic and understanding of the syntax. The syntax of a language is barely a part of programming. The main part of programming is “if” statements, setting variables, doing math, and displaying an output. If you can do all of these things, you already have the fundamentals of programming, and now you need to learn syntax.

If statements
If statements are an important part of programming. Without “if” statements you can’t use conditional statements, or in other words, you can’t check when the player has gotten over 10 points, you can’t tell if the counter is overflowing, you can’t tell if you’ve died in the game, but you also can’t lose health without if statements. Most programming syntax will just be “if (condition) then,” but you can have other things. If statements tell whether a > b, or c < d, or x + 3 = 7.

Setting variables
Setting variables is also an important part of programming. First, we need to know what a variable is. In code you can say “x = 3; x = 7,” but we know that that’s not possible. Now luckily in programming variables aren’t the same as math variables. Variables in programming are just references to numbers, (or strings, floating point numbers, and all the other stuff, but they’re all represented as numbers) and as references, you can just change where the variable leads to.

Doing math
Doing math in programming isn’t hard. While it depends on what language you’re using, most programming languages have “+” for addition, “-” for subtraction, “*” for multiplication, and “/” for division. There are also others that do depend more on other languages, but in Python, you have “**” for exponents (or you could just use pow() ), “//” for division then doing the floor operator (math.floor(a / b) is equivalent in a // b).

Displaying an output
This really depends on the programming language. For most languages, you have “print” or “printf” as displaying text to the console. Other than that you don’t have other easy output. You can use external libraries to use graphics.